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Die bikonfessionelle Struktur Deutschlands stellte seit dem 16. Jahrhundert einen der herausragenden Faktoren seiner Geschichte dar. Durch das Verhältnis der Konfessionen zueinander und die Herausbildung der konfessionellen Lebenswelten wurden historische Entwicklungsprozesse im politischen, wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Bereich bedingt, die den Übergang zur Moderne und deren Entfaltung
markierten. Konfessionsunterschiede und Herrschaftsstrukturen hingen dabei eng zusammen und griffen vielfach ineinander. Den Konfessionskirchen kam in diesen Prozessen eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Die kirchlichen Organisationen, verbunden konfessionell geprägten Milieus und vermittelt durch diese, waren bestrebt, in Abgrenzung von der jeweils anderen Konfession eine Stärkung der eigenen (Macht-)Positionen in Staat und Gesellschaft zu erreichen.
In the aftermath of World War II, the political and geographical isolation of the Western parts of the former German capital also cut economic hinterland ties and caused an exodus of industrial companies. In consequence, West Berlin soon became dependent on West German transfer payments to balance the city’s budget. At the same time, a system of tax preferences was created to foster private investment and employment in the isolated city. The complex of subsidies was maintained and even expanded during the following decades though its negative economic effects became obvious in the second half of the 1960s. The article focuses the conceptual significance of subsidies in industrial policy as well as their factual impact on Berlin’s economic development from the early 1960s to the late 1980s, i.e. in a period of massive structural change. It comes to the conclusion that the persistence of subsidization should be explained primarily by its symbolic political value and by a lack of alternatives.
This article examines policies and practices related to Turkish teachers in West German schools in the 1970s and 1980s. Different stakeholders in Turkish education in West Germany – school administrators, parents, consular officials, and the teachers themselves – understood the role of these teachers in different ways over time, reflecting contrasting and shifting notions about the knowledge teachers were expected to pass on to Turkish pupils. In the late 1970s, West German officials began to privilege teachers’ status as migrants capable of modeling their own successful integration for pupils, reflecting new assumptions about Turks in West Germany and their futures in the country.
During the 1970s liberal social scientists and leftist activists discussed the possible decriminalization of pedophilia. The essay argues that, while rooted in the “sexual revolution,” this debate can only be comprehended if one considers customary practices of education. The essay explores the often violent situation in residential child homes and its critique by the New Left (“Heimkampagne”) and inquires into ideas about children and young persons’ own agency. The juxtaposition of physical violence and seemingly unproblematic sexuality made advocacy for pedophiliac contacts plausible, to the degree that some adolescents of the Nuremberg “Indianerkommune” even claimed right to these encounters.