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Modeled after the Soviet propaganda magazine SSSR na stroike (›USSR in Construction‹, published 1930–1941, 1949), the Japanese overseas propaganda photo magazine FRONT (1942–1945) provided visual propaganda for the so-called ›Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere‹, a concept that was proclaimed in 1940 and served to disguise Japan’s quest for hegemony in Asia. Employing the aesthetics of Russian Constructivism and Socialist Realism of SSSR na stroike, FRONT created a visual aesthetic that could be termed Japanese Co-Prosperity Realism. Its dynamic and modernistic design was a transculturally inspired practice by Japanese photographers, graphic designers, journalists and producers of visual media, some of whom had been left-wing intellectuals or had lived and worked in the Soviet Union. In a comparative perspective, this paper carves out the political, cultural and gendered semantics of the (in)visibility of power, political religion and ethnic diversity that such aesthetics entailed. It explores some of the shifting backgrounds against which photographic techniques were enacted, from their avant-garde beginnings to their application in authoritarian regimes.
In 1967, an exhibition opened in East Berlin that proposed, through an overload of images, to unite the histories of the Soviet Union and the GDR, and to confront international photography exhibitions produced in the United States and West Germany. More than the design principles and methods of this show, entitled Vom Glück des Menschen or On the Happiness of People, directly connect it with Edward Steichen’s The Family of Man exhibition, first presented at MoMA in New York in 1953. Its original title was in fact The Socialist Family of Man, and its designers addressed Steichen’s show directly with a scathing critique that echoes the critical discourse in general around The Family of Man. Ultimately, and despite the acknowledged relationship of the exhibition to its Western model, Vom Glück des Menschen also departed from it, crafting a narrative through photographs specifically designed for a socialist society under construction.
Die 1970er Jahre werden in der deutschen Zeitgeschichtsschreibung zumeist als Bruch- und/oder Transformationsphase wahrgenommen. Vom Ende der Zuversicht ist die Rede, von der großen Ernüchterung, vom Ende einer Art goldenem Zeitalter, den Trente Glorieuses des Wiederauf baus nach 1945. Das ist, alles in allem genommen, nicht falsch, lief doch spätestens in den 1970er Jahren die Phase der Nachkriegsrekonstruktion in Westeuropa aus. Auch gerieten zahl reiche der Institutionen der Nachkriegszeit aus einer Vielzahl von Gründen unter Änderungs- oder Anpassungsdruck. Das gilt für die Währungsordnung ebenso wie für die abgeschottete Welt der Kapital- und Finanzmärkte, von denen zumindest in einem internationalen Sinn zuvor im strengen Sinne nicht die Rede sein konnte. Überdies lief eine technische Ära langsam aus, die zumindest vordergründig das Bild der Zeit des Wirtschaftswunders maßgeblich geprägt hatte: Das fordistische Zeitalter kam an sein Ende und eröffnete damit zugleich eine Phase des intensiven Strukturwandels, in dem die alte proletarische Welt der industriellen Massenarbeit langsam und stetig an Bedeutung verlor.