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Für was stehen die Jahre 1989/1990? Vermutlich sind es die Erinnerungen an die „Friedliche Revolution“ und an das Einreißen der Mauer von Ost nach West, die viele Menschen in Deutschland mit diesen Daten assoziieren. Jenes Ereignis ist möglicherweise zu einem Teil ihrer kulturellen Identität geworden, sie verbinden damit vielleicht eine persönliche Geschichte. Wie aber ist es den Menschen ergangen, die 1989 erst seit einer Generation oder noch kürzer in Deutschland lebten? Denjenigen, die andere Lebensgeschichten aus anderen Ländern mitbrachten und sich nach dem Mauerfall ebenfalls mit neuen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen, eventuell sogar mit einem erneuten Ankommen konfrontiert sahen? Wie erlebten sie den Umbruch? Diesen Fragen versucht die Ausstellung BİZİM BERLİN 89/90 (dt. „Unser Berlin 89/90“) seit April 2018 im Märkischen Museum Berlin nachzugehen. Die Ausstellung – untergebracht im Untergeschoss des Museums – zeigt noch bis 16. September 2018 ausgewählte Fotografien des Künstlers Ergun Çağatay.
In 1892, the year the American writer Pearl S. Buck was born, the US Congress renewed the Chinese Exclusion Act, initially passed in 1882, for another ten years. It sought to prevent all laborers of Chinese ethnicity from entering or reentering the US, with breaches punishable by law. Three months after her birth, Buck moved with her missionary parents to China and spent most of her life until her early forties there. During the global Cold War, Buck, already a Nobel Laureate (1938), sharply criticized US foreign policy and its racism, the ignorance of American diplomats about China, and the arrogant belief in solving conflicts in Asia through military means in her book Friend to Friend (1958). While there is little doubt about Buck’s official US nationality, her cultural belonging of choice – which decisively shaped her lifelong literary writing, in particular the novel The Good Earth (1931) that earned her the Nobel Prize – is inherently multivalent. In The Good Earth, Buck depicts the lives of Chinese peasants and their loyalty to the earth that nurtures humanity and provides all that lives on it with nutrition. In the following pages, I will discuss Buck’s bicultural biography and several aspects of this extremely popular and influential novel and, rather than viewing it as a piece of classic American literature, I will propose re-reading it as a work in the Chinese tradition of literary realism and in the context of the emerging trend of rural realism in the early twentieth century. The purpose of my re-reading of The Good Earth is to highlight less apparent global connections in the tradition of rural nostalgia and to complicate the paradigm of national literature and national history. Indeed, the earth, ruralism, nutrition, and food, as the novel describes, constitute the very foundation of human existence across borders, political camps, language barriers, and cultural differences from antiquity to the present day.