21. Jahrhundert
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The introduction to this issue on historical surveillance studies argues for an integrated understanding of surveillance that focuses on the interconnectedness of the state, economy and sciences within the context of different forms of technological revolution. It suggests reading contemporary diagnoses of ‘total surveillance’ from a long-term historical perspective beginning in the seventeenth century. In this light, surveillance is not limited to intelligence history or state control. Rather, it produces patterns of order and data that can be deployed for political processes like urban planning, welfare policy, crime prevention, or the persecution of political opponents. Furthermore, surveillance is also part of the economy, encompassing market and consumption research, advertising, and workplace monitoring. Research into the political and the economic aspects of surveillance should be combined. After defining the term ‘surveillance’ and differentiating between security and surveillance studies, the article provides an overview of different empirical studies in this new historiographical field. It concludes with short summaries of the articles collected in this issue.
Es ist mir eine große Freude und Ehre, heute Abend im Potsdamer Einstein Forum über Asyl und Flüchtlinge sprechen zu dürfen. Vor allem aus zwei Gründen freue ich mich besonders. Zum einen, weil Albert Einstein, dessen Namen Ihr Forum trägt, der erste ernannte Professor am Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton war und dort Schutz fand, als er vor der nationalsozialistischen Repression flüchtete. Ich selbst arbeite seit sechs Jahren in dieser Forschungseinrichtung, wo ich die School of Social Science leite. Albert Einstein verbindet mich also im doppelten Sinne mit Ihnen: beruf lich, als Mitgründer derjenigen Institution, an der ich arbeite; aus intellektueller Sicht, da er selbst ein Flüchtling gewesen ist, wie all diejenigen, von denen ich Ihnen erzählen werde.
The introduction to this issue on historical surveillance studies argues for an integrated understanding of surveillance that focuses on the interconnectedness of the state, economy and sciences within the context of different forms of technological revolution. It suggests reading contemporary diagnoses of ‘total surveillance’ from a long-term historical perspective beginning in the seventeenth century. In this light, surveillance is not limited to intelligence history or state control. Rather, it produces patterns of order and data that can be deployed for political processes like urban planning, welfare policy, crime prevention, or the persecution of political opponents. Furthermore, surveillance is also part of the economy, encompassing market and consumption research, advertising, and workplace monitoring. Research into the political and the economic aspects of surveillance should be combined. After defining the term ‘surveillance’ and differentiating between security and surveillance studies, the article provides an overview of different empirical studies in this new historiographical field. It concludes with shortsummaries of the articles collected in this issue.