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By analysing oral history interviews with industrial workers in Poland, this article adds some nuance to the study of post-industrial and post-socialist nostalgia. It presents diverse vernacular memories of the post-1989 systemic change from state socialism to neoliberal capitalism, and shows that nostalgia for an industrial ›golden age‹, although significant, is not the only way of making sense of this change. Rather, a distinctive feature of vernacular memory is the ambiguity about both socialism and capitalism. Recognising the variety of memories, the article underlines the critical potential of nostalgic currents for highlighting what is felt to be wrong with contemporary work culture. The article also differentiates between the vernacular memories of industrial communities recorded in oral history and institutionalised political memories in order to stress that the critical potential of nostalgic memories has been largely absent in the latter. In Poland, nostalgia for industrial life has been given little opportunity to become a reflective and critically useful mechanism to protect values that remain relevant in the present, such as the importance of sociability and agency in the workplace.
Awkward Object of Genocide: Vernacular Art and the Holocaust in and beyond Polish Ethnographic Museums was a initiative carried out at the Research Center for Memory Cultures at the Faculty of Polish Studies, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, by a group of four scholar-curators. The original aim of the project was to explore public and private Polish ethnographic collections in search of art objects referring to, representing, or commenting on the Holocaust. In our project we propose that this unique genre of the visual document, which has received little attention in studies regarding the Holocaust so far, could offer new insights, as well as forge new arguments, different from those commonly employed in attempts to understand the experience and memory of the Holocaust in Polish provinces.
Am 19. April 2023 jährte sich der Beginn des jüdischen Aufstandes im Ghetto in Warschau zum 80. Mal. Es war die erste Erhebung einer unbewaffneten Stadtbevölkerung gegen die Deutschen während des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Die deutschen Besatzer hatten das Ghetto (1940–1943) in Warschau für ein Drittel der Stadtbevölkerung am 2. Oktober 1940 mitten im Zentrum in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zur katholisch-polnischen Bevölkerung innerhalb eines Gebietes errichtet, das sie als „Seuchensperrgebiet“ bezeichneten. Zwischen dem 22. Juli 1942 und dem 21. September 1942 deportierten die Deutschen und ihre Helfer vom sog. Umschlagplatz in der Stawki-Straße ca. 300 000 jüdische Männer, Frauen und Kinder aus dem Ghetto in das 100 km von Warschau entfernt und von Feldern umgebene NS-Vernichtungslager Treblinka II. Unter den in Treblinka Ermordeten waren auch deutsche Juden und Jüdinnen, die im März und April 1942 aus mehreren Städten des Deutschen Reiches nach Warschau deportiert worden waren.
As much as war is about armed military conflict, it is also fundamentally about mass displacement, broken lives, and lost futures. This simple truth has become way too obvious in large parts of Poland, where providing food, clothes and shelter to strangers, and collecting donations to help refugees from neighboring Ukraine have become common practices among “ordinary” people. Much of the efforts of this grassroots mass mobilization to help those escaping their war-torn country falls on the shoulders of various parts of society, including individual activists and non-activists as well as civil society organizations.
What is perhaps less visible in this civil society mobilization and its media coverage are the efforts of migrant and minority communities that do their share in offering relief to those fleeing from Ukraine.