Städte
A radical process of standardization of tourist destinations around the globe, particularly in urban contexts, has been described by numerous scholars during the last decades. Indeed, the reinvention of many cities as tourist destinations has made evident ‘an odd paradox: whereas the appeal of tourism is the opportunity to see something different, cities that are remade to attract tourists seem more and more alike’. In such a context, both scholars and practitioners point to abstract elements such as images, identities, flairs, and experiences, as the main elements defining destinations’ profiles. The American historian Catherine Cocks argued that the attribution of a ‘personality’ to the city was a key aspect in the transformation of American cities into tourist destinations. Urban personalities made the city easily available, readable and intelligible, transformed it into a salable commodity, and offered a compelling reason to visit it and to come back. Similarly, contemporary European cities can be seen as bearers of specific local urban identities that remain relatively fixed even when information, stereotypes and attributes may prove to be inaccurate or simply false. Wolfgang Kaschuba has in this sense described the production of urban identities as a cultural technique that is predominantly performed in certain societal spaces such as literature, tourism, mass media, pop culture, and history marketing. This article focuses on one of such spaces, tourism, and explores how tourist communication transforms Berlin into a distinct and unique destination. It asks how the city is enacted by tourism as a singular and bounded entity, to which multiple orderings of identity are attributed.
„Großstädte sind unbestimmte Verheißungen“, schreibt Curt Moreck in seinem „Führer durch das ‚lasterhafte‘ Berlin“ aus dem Jahr 1931. „Sie sind Konglomerate von unendlichen Möglichkeiten. Sie sind Labyrinthe, in denen die schönsten Straßen einen nicht ahnen lassen, wohin sie einen führen werden. Wen das Land hineinstößt, der fühlt sich hilflos und wird plötzlich von der Angst überfallen, das zu versäumen, was er kennenlernen möchte, das zu verpassen, was ihm einen Gewinn an Vergnügungen verspricht. [...] Man muß in diesem rauschenden Strudel untertauchen, sich darin verlieren, aber nicht ohne sich wiederzufinden. Man muß den Irrwegen nachgehen, aber nicht ohne das Ziel zu kennen. Man wird sich nach einem Führer umsehen müssen. Ohne den Führer verliert man kostbare Zeit, die man besser dem Genuß widmet. Man muß sich die Erfahrungen anderer zunutze machen.“