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Im Januar 2012 feierte der Afrikanische Nationalkongress (ANC), die Regierungspartei der Republik Südafrika, mit großem Pomp sein hundertjähriges Bestehen. Der ANC ist die älteste Organisation des afrikanischen Nationalismus nicht nur in Südafrika, sondern auf dem Kontinent – und war lange Zeit die erfolgloseste. Während politische Parteien in Westafrika wie Kwame Nkrumahs Convention Peoples Party (Ghana) bereits zwei Jahre nach ihrer Gründung die Regierungsgeschäfte übernahmen und in anderen Beherrschungskolonien die Entkolonialisierung ähnlich schnell verlief, konnte der ANC erst 82 Jahre nach seiner Gründung die Regierung stellen.
Music played an important role as a political medium for the anti-apartheid movement, particularly in the 1980s. Drawing on sources from the UK and South Africa, the article investigates the controversy surrounding Paul Simon’s album Graceland (1986) against the backdrop of the cultural boycott against South Africa. The aim of the boycott was to isolate the apartheid regime in the field of culture, but from the middle of the 1980s, the opposition within South Africa increasingly regarded it as an obstacle. The African National Congress (ANC) pursued a modification of the boycott against the resistance of the British Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM). The controversy over Graceland only served to compound the confusion: opinions differed as to whether Simon had really breached the cultural boycott by collaborating with South African musicians, and on how this could potentially be sanctioned (in either sense of the word). The incident shows that the attempt to control transnational cultural currents through political institutions in times of increased mediatisation was ultimately doomed to failure.