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This article reassesses the emergence of human rights advocacy in 1970s West Germany from the perspective of memory politics. Focusing on the campaigns against political violence in South America, the article first traces the boom and bust of antifascist activism against the Chilean junta in the early 1970s. It then analyzes the displacement of abstract antifascist discourses by a more humanitarian human rights talk closely intertwined with concrete references to National Socialist crimes. Taking the perspective of grassroots advocates, this article explores how and why activists referenced the crimes of Nazism to defend human rights in the present. Finally, the article moves beyond the claim that human rights politics were minimalistic and even anti-antifascist, by showing how some human rights activists continued to think of themselves as antifascists. They infused antifascism with entirely new meanings by recovering the 20 July 1944 assassination attempt against Hitler as an acceptable example of anti-government violence.
“I am going out” was the last message sent by Raman Bandarenka to a Telegram chat uniting people from his neighbourhood in Minsk. In the evening of November12th, he went down to his courtyard, known by protesters as the Square of Changes. The Square of Changes appeared in Minsk in the beginning of September 2020 to support initiatives of a local community in times of political contestation. Raman went down to protect a fence decoration made from white-red-white ribbons that became a target for a group of unknown men in masks and sportive clothing. To watch over protest symbols installed in their Square of Changes became a routine action for the locals. Their neighbour, Stsiapan Latypau, was detained in September in somewhat similar circumstances: he was asking men in masks to introduce themselves and to explain their reason for destroying a graffiti, a symbol of the Square of Changes. This time, Raman was beaten up in the same courtyard, then put in a blue van, and taken to the police station. The next day he died in a hospital from the received traumas. All elements of this story – anonymous men in civic clothing who seem to have the carte blanche to brutal violence, blue vans without a registration number, write-red-white ribbons, alternative names to cities’ places, and local chats – are the symbols of the ongoing Belarusian protests.
In den Jahren vor dem Sechstagekrieg entwickelte sich in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland eine palästinensische Diaspora, die nach 1967 einen wichtigen Einfluss auf die Palästina-Solidaritätsbewegung im Land erhielt. Arabischsprachige Quellen wie zeitgenössische Presseartikel oder spätere autobiographische Reflexionen werfen dabei nicht nur ein Licht auf das Entstehen dieser Diaspora. Sie zeigen auch, wie die Verbindungen zwischen palästinensischen Gruppen und der radikalen Linken in der Bundesrepublik zu vielfältigen Transferprozessen führten. Seit den späten 1960er-Jahren zirkulierten Argumente, Parolen und Symbole zwischen Orten wie Beirut und Heidelberg, die sich bald in antizionistischen, zum Teil auch antisemitischen Publikationen und Protesten wiederfanden. Vor diesem Hintergrund plädiert der Aufsatz dafür, Archive im Nahen Osten stärker als bisher einzubeziehen, um die transnationalen und globalen Bezüge der deutschen Zeitgeschichte besser zu verstehen.