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By analysing oral history interviews with industrial workers in Poland, this article adds some nuance to the study of post-industrial and post-socialist nostalgia. It presents diverse vernacular memories of the post-1989 systemic change from state socialism to neoliberal capitalism, and shows that nostalgia for an industrial ›golden age‹, although significant, is not the only way of making sense of this change. Rather, a distinctive feature of vernacular memory is the ambiguity about both socialism and capitalism. Recognising the variety of memories, the article underlines the critical potential of nostalgic currents for highlighting what is felt to be wrong with contemporary work culture. The article also differentiates between the vernacular memories of industrial communities recorded in oral history and institutionalised political memories in order to stress that the critical potential of nostalgic memories has been largely absent in the latter. In Poland, nostalgia for industrial life has been given little opportunity to become a reflective and critically useful mechanism to protect values that remain relevant in the present, such as the importance of sociability and agency in the workplace.
For centuries, nostalgia denoted homesickness, but current dictionary definitions indicate that these two concepts have parted ways and acquired discrete meanings. However, it is one thing to demonstrate that contemporary definitions of nostalgia and homesickness are distinct; it is another to show that the way people think about nostalgia and its characteristics corresponds to this lexicographic knowledge. In 2012, Erica G. Hepper and colleagues therefore asked laypeople to identify which features they considered most characteristic of the construct ›nostalgia‹ and found that respondents conceptualised nostalgia as a predominantly positive, social, and past-oriented emotion. In nostalgic reverie, one brings to mind a fond and personally meaningful event, often involving one’s childhood. The person tends to see the event through rose-coloured glasses and may even long to return to the past. As a result, he or she feels sentimental, typically happy but with a hint of sadness.
Saul Friedländer, der im Oktober 2007 mit dem Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels geehrt wurde, hat für sein jüngstes Buch „Die Jahre der Vernichtung“ einhelliges Lob erhalten. Dabei wurde vor allem hervorgehoben, dass Friedländer die Stimmen der jüdischen Opfer zu Wort kommen lasse. Doch verdeckt dieses Lob, so gut es gemeint ist, eine wichtige Differenz. Friedländer, der 1932 in Prag geboren wurde, 1939 mit seinen Eltern nach Frankreich flüchtete, dort als Junge in einem katholischen Internat die deutsche Besetzung und Judenjagd überlebte, während seine Eltern auf der Flucht verhaftet und in Auschwitz ermordet wurden, Friedländer hat diese Stimmen der Verfolgten und Ermordeten noch gehört - wir Jüngeren nicht. Der offenkundige Wunsch zahlreicher Rezensenten, sich in Hörweite der Opfer zu versetzen, muss scheitern. Die Stimmen bleiben stumm. Und auch wenn Friedländers historiographische Kunst darin besteht, uns lesen und ahnen zu lassen, wovon die Stimmen sprechen, so ist diese Fremdheit doch unübersteigbar.