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This article reassesses the emergence of human rights advocacy in 1970s West Germany from the perspective of memory politics. Focusing on the campaigns against political violence in South America, the article first traces the boom and bust of antifascist activism against the Chilean junta in the early 1970s. It then analyzes the displacement of abstract antifascist discourses by a more humanitarian human rights talk closely intertwined with concrete references to National Socialist crimes. Taking the perspective of grassroots advocates, this article explores how and why activists referenced the crimes of Nazism to defend human rights in the present. Finally, the article moves beyond the claim that human rights politics were minimalistic and even anti-antifascist, by showing how some human rights activists continued to think of themselves as antifascists. They infused antifascism with entirely new meanings by recovering the 20 July 1944 assassination attempt against Hitler as an acceptable example of anti-government violence.
In diesem Essay begeben wir uns auf die Spurensuche in den Rayon Chojniki, der teilweise zur 30-km-Sperrzone von Tschernobyl gehört. Im ersten Teil wird die Geschichte von Chojniki vor und vor allem nach dem Jahr 1986 zusammenfassend geschildert. Anschließend reflektiert die aus dem Rayon Chojniki stammende Germanistin Ekaterina Jadtschenko die aktuelle Lage und ihren eigenen Weg von einer Sympathisantin des Präsidenten Lukaschenka zur Aktivistin der demokratischen Protestbewegung.