Historische Semantik
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Nach dem Ende des Kalten Krieges gewann ein spezifisches Genre von Büchern an Popularität, die durch klangvolle Titel auf sich aufmerksam machten und versprachen, sowohl das globale Geschehen zu erklären als auch die künftige Rolle der USA in der Welt zu skizzieren. Dabei wurde der große Wurf meist eher angekündigt als tatsächlich erzielt. Wenige dieser Bücher erwiesen sich jedoch als so breitenwirksam und langlebig wie das 1996 veröffentlichte Werk »The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order« des US-amerikanischen Politikwissenschaftlers Samuel P. Huntington (1927–2008). Der Verfasser schien kaum zu übertreiben, wenn er im Vorwort schrieb, dass seine These »in jeder Zivilisation« einen »Nerv getroffen« habe. Laut einem »Newsweek«-Bericht bestellte die Iranische Revolutionsgarde in den 1990er-Jahren stapelweise übersetzte Kopien, um sie an ihre Mitglieder zu verteilen. Übersetzungen mit nicht weniger griffigen Titeln – »Der Kampf der Kulturen« oder »Le Choc des civilisations« – fanden sich rasch auf den Bestsellerlisten verschiedener Länder. Die Rede von einem »Clash« war aber auch besonders geeignet, sich zu verselbstständigen. Ihr wurde eine unmittelbare Plausibilität und Erklärungskraft beigemessen, ganz gleich, ob es um internationale Konflikte, Terrorakte oder innergesellschaftliche Auseinandersetzungen ging – das zeigte insbesondere die Verbreitung der Formel nach den Anschlägen vom 11. September 2001.
Beyond Nostalgia and the Prison of English. Positioning Japan in a Global History of Emotions
(2021)
This article interrogates the history of emotions at a pivotal moment in its growth as a discipline. It does so by bringing into conversation the ways in which scholars in Japan have approached ›nostalgia‹ (and emotions more broadly) as an object of study with concepts, theories, and methods prioritised by a predominantly Eurocentric field. It argues that Anglocentric notions of nostalgia as conceptual frameworks often neglect the particularisms that underlie the way that the Japanese language communicates and operationalizes cultural norms and codes of feeling. It also examines the aisthetic work of musicologist Tsugami Eisuke to help understand historical and psychological distinctions between ›nostalgia‹ and Japanese ideas of temporal ›longing‹, working towards a global history of emotions that meaningfully embraces multilateral and multi-lingual interaction. This article thus argues for a more nuanced way of discussing nostalgia cross-culturally, transcending dominant approaches in the field which are often grounded in a specifically Euro-Western experience but claim universal reach.
By analysing oral history interviews with industrial workers in Poland, this article adds some nuance to the study of post-industrial and post-socialist nostalgia. It presents diverse vernacular memories of the post-1989 systemic change from state socialism to neoliberal capitalism, and shows that nostalgia for an industrial ›golden age‹, although significant, is not the only way of making sense of this change. Rather, a distinctive feature of vernacular memory is the ambiguity about both socialism and capitalism. Recognising the variety of memories, the article underlines the critical potential of nostalgic currents for highlighting what is felt to be wrong with contemporary work culture. The article also differentiates between the vernacular memories of industrial communities recorded in oral history and institutionalised political memories in order to stress that the critical potential of nostalgic memories has been largely absent in the latter. In Poland, nostalgia for industrial life has been given little opportunity to become a reflective and critically useful mechanism to protect values that remain relevant in the present, such as the importance of sociability and agency in the workplace.
For centuries, nostalgia denoted homesickness, but current dictionary definitions indicate that these two concepts have parted ways and acquired discrete meanings. However, it is one thing to demonstrate that contemporary definitions of nostalgia and homesickness are distinct; it is another to show that the way people think about nostalgia and its characteristics corresponds to this lexicographic knowledge. In 2012, Erica G. Hepper and colleagues therefore asked laypeople to identify which features they considered most characteristic of the construct ›nostalgia‹ and found that respondents conceptualised nostalgia as a predominantly positive, social, and past-oriented emotion. In nostalgic reverie, one brings to mind a fond and personally meaningful event, often involving one’s childhood. The person tends to see the event through rose-coloured glasses and may even long to return to the past. As a result, he or she feels sentimental, typically happy but with a hint of sadness.