2/2011 Politik und Kultur des Klangs im 20. Jahrhundert
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»Hits für das Tonbandgerät, Alben für den Plattenspieler? Die Markteinführung des Tonbandgerätes in Westdeutschland und die Urheberrechtsdebatte über Musikaufnahmen jugendlicher Konsumenten in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren«. Since the late 1950s, tape recorders were increasingly to be found in West German households. This device for the first time gave the consumers the opportunity to record music from records or from the radio. This triggered off discussions between the record industry and the GEMA (Society for musical performing and mechanical reproduction rights) on the one hand and tape recorder producers and users on the other hand. Whereas the former complained about falling record sales and called for the introduction of copyright fees, the latter argued that the tape recorder offered a large range of applications and that therefore a collective charging of producers and/ or users would not be justified. Against the background of the changing legal situation, the article retraces the copyright debate and evaluates the opponents’ arguments. In spite of the manifold functions of the tape recorder, young consumers predominantly employed it to record their favourite light music. But these appropriation practices did not cause an overall decline in record sales but rather a change in music consumption patterns. While the possibility of recording single hits did in fact lead to falling sales figures of 45rpm-discs, sales of longplaying-records rose considerably
Nach einer langen und noch immer anhaltenden Hochphase der Visual Studies haben sich die Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften in den vergangenen Jahren verstärkt auch der Kulturbedeutung der Klänge und des Hörens zugewandt. Dies ging zunächst auf die Entwicklung in einzelnen Disziplinen zurück. Innerhalb der Medienwissenschaft waren hier besonders die Film Studies und Radio Studies federführend.
This article advocates that we should understand the sound history as a new way of investigating general history. It focuses upon auditory perception and the political economy of sound utterances, and therefore identifies sound production as an indicator of the valid political and social order. As such, the sound history unearths the specific acoustemology of a given historical society, the way in which people make sense of their world via sounds and their understanding of sound.
Is popular music a tool of consumer capitalist recuperation or can it be a weapon of revolutionary change? The career of the radical rock band Ton Steine Scherben, founded in West Berlin in 1970, suggests that at certain moments, radical music and radical politics can be mutually constitutive. The band’s history provides a richer understanding of the radical left-wing scene in West Berlin at a key moment of transition from the student movement of the 1960s to the anarchist and terrorist scenes of the 1970s, illustrating how an analysis of popular music in its social and cultural setting can broaden historical analysis.