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Am Beispiel des Elsass verfolgt der Aufsatz das Spannungsverhältnis von Europa-Konzepten und regionaler Selbstverortung im 20. Jahrhundert. Der zeitliche Schwerpunkt liegt auf den 1920er- und 1930er-Jahren als der entscheidenden strukturbildenden Periode regionaler Europa-Konzepte. Die damaligen Frontstellungen und Wahlverwandtschaften der Bezüge auf „Europa“, „Volkstum“ und die „deutsch-französische Verständigung“ blieben bis in die 1970er-Jahre prägend. Für die Zwischenkriegszeit ist die Unterscheidung zwischen „liberalen“ und „antiliberalen“ Konzepten zu problematisieren, da die regionalen Europa-Konzepte in den Zusammenhängen von Minderheitendiskussion und elsässischer Autonomiebewegung grundsätzlich ambivalent waren. Erst nach den Locarno-Verträgen (1925/26) zeichneten sich die antiliberalen Orientierungen eines „integralföderalistischen“ Europa-Konzepts deutlich ab. Der Aufsatz betont die Notwendigkeit, liberale und antiliberale Europa-Semantiken in gemeinsamen, längerfristigen Entwicklungsgeschichten zu untersuchen, um so auch die NS-Zeit stärker zu kontextualisieren.
This article examines the rise of aeromobile sprawl, which is defined here as aviation’s socio-environmental impact on people, places, and things, in Canada during the 1970s. It links aeromobile sprawl largely to state-led airport development and the effect that upgrading, expanding, and building new airports had on communities and landscapes. Accordingly, it shows that while aeromobile sprawl was to some extent an outcome of postwar developments not limited to aviation, the Canadian government and its partners also contributed to sprawl by endorsing various policies and strategies that shifted over the period in question. At the same time, these actions did not go unnoticed. Public critiques of aeromobile sprawl emerged as people increasingly objected to larger and busier airports operating near populated and non-industrial areas. This article demonstrates that debates in Canada about airport development and the rapid growth of aviation revealed sharply diverging views about how to best accommodate the mobility requirements of mass air travel within the country’s natural and built environments in the 1970s.
Access Activism. The Politicization of Wheelchairs and Wheelchair Users in the Twentieth Century
(2022)
For millions of disabled people around the world the wheelchair has been one of the most important technological innovations of the twentieth century. From its inception as a relatively cumbersome, heavy machine, designed principally for indoor use, the wheelchair has evolved into a sophisticated and highly technical mode of transport. Wheelchairs are, at least in the Global North, relatively widely used and universally recognizable – so recognizable that they have become the cultural symbol to represent all disabled people. Wheelchairs are often viewed with trepidation: as machines that disable, confine, and deprive their occupant of independence – as medical devices that doctors prescribe only to the sick, the wounded or the elderly. Such definitions and perceptions infiltrate the public lives of wheelchair users, cause considerable macro and micro political difficulties, and consequently disable users in a myriad of different ways.