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In recent years, streaming services such as Netflix, Hulu and Amazon Prime offered the possibility to access internationally produced television shows and movies. One recent trend is content with a historical set or background. Although historical sets and productions have played an important role in cinematic story-telling since the early twentieth century, the immense amount of newly available digital content has a significant impact on a society's cultural memory. Cultural memory is an integral part of a society’s identity; it is often static and its ‘horizon does not change with the passage of time’. It is reproduced in museums, statues, remembrance days, and texts. It is the type of memory which society can collectively call upon and recall. While cultural memory may feel vague or encased in glass cases in museums, a historical television series brings memory alive while munching on popcorn on your sofa.
During the first five-year plan, the Soviet state turned to an unusual source to cope with the challenge of factory-induced deafness and disability: the deaf community. From 1930 to 1937, deaf activists, alongside specialist doctors, organised a yearly, three-day event known as Beregi slukh! (Take Care of Your Hearing!) to propagandise the prevention of deafness. During these years, more than 46,600 lectures were held in venues across the Soviet Union and 7,900,000 brochures, leaflets and posters printed. While the event reflected the Soviet belief that disability was a relic of the ›backward‹ past that would be eliminated as communism approached, the deaf activists involved in these events used them to make the alternative case for their own identity as a legitimate part of the Soviet body politic. By foregrounding their labour capacities and demonstrating aspects of deaf cultural practices (including sign language) to a hearing audience, Beregi slukh! became a powerful means to advocate for the centrality of the deaf community to Soviet visions of self and society.
Dieser Aufsatz erklärt die enorme Resonanz von Günter Wallraffs Bestseller »Ganz unten« (Erstausgabe 1985) mit den emotionalen Bedürfnissen und der soziokulturellen Verfasstheit der westdeutschen Mehrheitsgesellschaft. Das Buch artikulierte soziale Abstiegsängste während einer wirtschaftlichen Strukturkrise mit hoher Arbeitslosigkeit. Es präsentierte eine binäre Weltsicht, die die expressive Emotionskultur der 1980er-Jahre reflektierte. Die nahezu apokalyptische Darstellung der westdeutschen Industriegesellschaft und ihres menschenverachtenden Umgangs mit migrantischen (Leih-)Arbeitern stand im Einklang mit der Weltsicht eines wachsenden grün-alternativen Milieus. Im Gegensatz zur populären Erinnerung war das Buch jedoch kein Wendepunkt in der öffentlichen Repräsentation der türkischen »Gastarbeiter«, für deren Erfahrungen Wallraff nach seiner Undercover-Recherche als »Ali« zu sprechen schien. Vielmehr verdeutlichte »Ganz unten« massive Defizite im Umgang mit Differenz in der bundesrepublikanischen Gesellschaft der 1980er-Jahre, gerade auch auf der Linken. Nicht Wallraffs Buch, sondern die damalige, bisher vernachlässigte deutsch-türkische Kritik daran markiert eine historisch signifikante antirassistische Traditionslinie, die bis in die Gegenwart reicht.